Mid-Century Windsor Grandfather Rocking Chair in Wood attributed to Lucian Ercolani for Ercol, England, 1960s

British-Italian designer and entrepreneur Lucian Ercolani (1888-1976) was founder and head designer of Ercol, one of the most important furniture manufacturing companies in British design history.

The Ercolani family emigrated from Tuscany to East London in the 1890s. With a woodworking tradition in the family—Lucian’s father worked as a carpenter in London after having previously been employed by the Uffizi Gallery in Florence as a framer—he enrolled in the Shoreditch Technical Institute. There, he studied technical drawing and design and met and befriended Tod Gomme, who would go on to establish G-Plan. Ercolani passed his City and Guild professional exams, and, in 1907, he unveiled a musical cabinet—his first piece of furniture.

Ercolani began his professional career in 1910 as a designer for Frederick Parker furniture, the company that would later become Parker-Knoll. With some experience under his belt, Ercolani sought investment from local businessmen to establish his own enterprise. In 1920, he successfully launched Furniture Industries in High Wycombe, the company that would become Ercol. In 1932, the company was able to expand, taking over struggling but well-reputed chair manufacturer Walter Skulls Ltd. Some time in the 1940s, the brand began trading as Ercol.

A few pieces in particular standout. For example, Ercolani’s Windsor Collection, in production since 1947, is an icon of British furniture design. On display at the Britain Can Make It exhibition at London’s Victoria & Albert Museum in 1946, the collection of chairs, tables, and cabinets (which featured dovetail joints and oval wooden handles) became an instant commercial success in postwar Britain. Other notable designs include Butterfly Chair (1958), and Evergreen (1957), and Studio Couch (1956).

After the Second World War, Ercolani’s sons Lucian Junior (known as Lucian B) and Barry joined Ercol, allowing their father—known among Ercol employees as the “old man”—to take a step back. In 1951, Ercolani helped establish the Furniture Makers Guild, which later became the City Livery Guild. He was awarded an OBE (Officerof the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire) in June 1964 for his services to British design and manufacturing. In 1975 he published his memoir, entitled A Furniture Maker, telling the story of an Italian immigrant who built one of the most successful furniture making business in the history of the United Kingdom.

He passed away in 1976. In 2003, Ercol relaunched many of his mid-century designs in their Originals Collection.

* Images courtesy of Ercol

Ercol is a British furniture manufacturer that has been making quality wood furniture since the 1920s, specializing in bentwood  chairs and furniture.

In 1989, Italian-born Lucian Ercolani (1888-1976) immigrated with his parents to England, settling in East London. His father—who constructed picture frames for the Uffizi Gallery in Florence and took up work as a carpenter for the Salvation Army in London—urged Ercolani to follow in his footsteps. Ercolani studied drawing and design at the Shoreditch Technical Institute, before sitting the City & Guild exams in the theory and construction of furniture. In 1907, he made his first piece of furniture, a musical cabinet. At school he met Ted Gomme, the man who would later co-found G-Plan, and with whom he developed a lifelong friendship which outlived their working relationship, which lasted until 1920.

In 1910, Ercolani was hired by the influential Harry Parker in High Wycombe from Frederick Parker furniture—which later became known as Parker-Knoll . Ten years later with the investment of local businessmen, Ercolani founded Furniture Industries in High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, the company that became Ercol. His aim was to sell well-designed furniture, made by highly-skilled craftsmen who took pride in their work. This worked well for Ercol, and the company expanded in 1932, when Ercolani bought over Walter Skulls Ltd., a struggling but well-respected chair manufacturer.

Like many British firms, Ercol supported the war effort, producing over 25,000 tent pegs a day, while both of Lucian’s sons, who worked in the family business, fought in the war. In 1944, Ercol was offered a huge contract to supply the Board of Trade with 100,000 low cost Windsor chairs. Ercol had uncovered a new way of utilizing elm, a natural resource in the High Wycombe forest that had been neglected as a timber due to its unruly and brittle nature. Using a special technique and new machinery, Ercol was able to manipulate the elm into a beautiful product. The process began with natural seasoning—drying the wood for one to two years outside—followed by kilning—steaming the wood in a large, enclosed room. In 1947, the first pieces from their Windsor Collection were available for purchase—which Ercol exhibited the year previously at the Britain Can Make It exhibition at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London. Ercol's collection of mass-produced furniture found a ready-made market in post-war Britain, which demanded smaller pieces with simpler lines than their more bulky pre-war counterparts.

Over the years, many designers have collaborated with Ercol such as Tomoko Azumi, Floris van den Broecke, Dylan Freeth, Matthew Hilton, Paola Navone, Russel Pinch, James Ryan, and Lisa Gould Sandall, among others. Iconic designs include Loveseat (1956), Studio Couch (1956), Butterfly Chair (1958), Evergreen (1957), and Jubilee (1980) by designer Don Pedel.

In 2002, the company moved its facilities to Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire. The ecologically friendly and sustainable factory, which runs on wood waste, has been the recipient of many awards for its architecture, design and environmental features. Ercol has also received several of Design Guild Mark awards for various furniture designs over the years, as well as the Manufacturing Guild Mark (MGM) awarded by the Worshipful Company of Furniture Makers in 2013. It continues to produce furniture today, one of the few British post-war furniture manufacturers to do so. Both contemporary designs and reissued classics from Ercol are popular, and of course, their much-loved vintage pieces that have become synonymous with British design, continue to stand the test of time.

*All images courtesy of Ercol